【高中非限制性定语从句详解ppt课件】一、什么是非限制性定语从句？
在英语中，定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的句子结构。根据其功能不同，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
- 限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，如果去掉，句子意思会不完整或改变。
- 非限制性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，即使去掉也不会影响主句的基本意义，通常用逗号与主句隔开。
二、非限制性定语从句的结构
非限制性定语从句通常由以下关系代词或关系副词引导：
| 关系代词 | 用法 | 示例 |
|----------|------|------|
| who| 指人，作主语或宾语 | My teacher, who is very kind, always helps us. |
| whom | 指人，作宾语 | The student, whom I met yesterday, is from Beijing. |
| which| 指物，作主语或宾语 | The book, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting. |
| whose| 表示所属关系 | The girl, whose mother is a doctor, studies very hard. |
| when | 指时间，作时间状语 | Last summer, when we went to the beach, was unforgettable. |
| where| 指地点，作地点状语 | The park, where we had our picnic, is beautiful. |
三、非限制性定语从句的特点
1. 用逗号隔开
非限制性定语从句前后通常有逗号，表示与主句的分隔。
- ✅ 正确：My brother, who lives in Shanghai, is coming to visit me.
- ❌ 错误：My brother who lives in Shanghai is coming to visit me.
2. 不能用that引导
在非限制性定语从句中，不能使用that，只能使用who, whom, which等。
- ✅ 正确：The car, which is red, is mine.
- ❌ 错误：The car, that is red, is mine.
3. 不能省略关系代词
在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略，否则句子结构不完整。
- ✅ 正确：My friend, who is a teacher, gave me some advice.
- ❌ 错误：My friend, is a teacher, gave me some advice.
4. 强调补充信息
非限制性定语从句提供的是额外的信息，而不是核心内容。
- 例如：My father, a doctor, works at the hospital.（说明父亲的职业）
四、常见错误与注意事项
| 常见错误 | 正确表达 | 解释 |
|----------|----------|------|
| 用that引导非限制性从句 | 用who/whom/which | 非限制性从句不能用that |
| 省略关系代词 | 不可省略 | 非限制性从句的关系代词必须保留 |
| 没有逗号 | 必须加逗号 | 用于区分主句与从句 |
| 混淆限制性与非限制性 | 根据上下文判断 | 限制性从句是必要的信息，非限制性是补充信息 |
五、例句分析
1. My parents, who are both teachers, live in Hangzhou.
- 主句：My parents live in Hangzhou.
- 从句：who are both teachers（补充说明父母的职业）
2. The movie, which was directed by a famous director, won an award.
- 主句：The movie won an award.
- 从句：which was directed by a famous director（补充说明电影的导演）
3. She has a brother, whose job is in finance.
- 主句：She has a brother.
- 从句：whose job is in finance（补充说明兄弟的工作）
六、练习题（巩固知识点）
1. Choose the correct sentence:
A. The man, who is tall, is my uncle.
B. The man who is tall is my uncle.
答案：A
2. Fill in the blank with the correct relative pronoun:
The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very useful.
答案：which
3. Identify the non-restrictive relative clause:
My sister, who is a nurse, works in a hospital.
答案：who is a nurse
七、总结
- 非限制性定语从句是对主句内容的补充说明，不是核心信息；
- 通常由who, whom, which, whose, when, where引导；
- 必须用逗号隔开，不可用that；
- 关系代词不能省略；
- 掌握这些规则有助于更准确地理解和运用英语语法。
课后小任务：
请尝试写出三个包含非限制性定语从句的句子，并标注出关系代词和从句的作用。
PPT设计建议：
- 使用清晰的图表展示限制性与非限制性的区别；
- 添加例句对比，帮助学生理解；
- 设计互动环节，如选择题或填空练习；
- 用颜色区分主句和从句，增强视觉效果。
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